中国“统一的多民族国家”属性的宪法意义

Constitutional Meaning for Unitary Multiethnic State of China

"多民族国家"在历史上曾以帝国的形式存在。《威斯特伐利亚合约》促成欧洲现代国家的诞生,宪法在实现民族国家自我规定性的同时,赋予民族国家合法性。随着民族国家观念的引入,中国开启以法律共同体为主权外壳、以民族共同体为文化内涵的现代国家形构。《中华民国宪法》和《中华人民共和国宪法》(1954)实现了"多民族国家"的初步自觉。民族识别、宪法实施和民族事务法律的齐备共同推动"统一的多民族国家"属性的完全自觉,其意义在于中华民族命运共同体获得认同,各民族繁荣与国家宪法目标具有一致性,民族事务走上依法治理的轨道,国家统一具备民族载体,并为世界上其他多民族国家解决民族问题提供中国经验。

“Multiethnic state”has been embodied in the form of empire in history.Peace of Westphalia gave birth to modern states in Europe.Constitution sets up nation state and confers legitimacy at the same time.Along with the introduction of the idea of nation state,China started adopting the structure of modern state with legal sovereignty and ethnic community.Constitution of the Republic of China and Constitution of the People's Republic of China(1954)promoted the preliminary self-consciousness of the unitary multiethnic state.National identification,constitutional implementation,and national affair legal system are the essential conditions of the entire self-consciousness of the unitary multiethnic state.Thus a community of the shared future for Chinese nation is accepted,the common prosperity of all ethnic groups corresponds with the constitutional aim of the state?and rule of law in national affairs is being established.Chinese nation becomes a support to the national unity and Chinese experiences can offer a sample to other multiethnic states in the world.