清末自由心证制度的移植及其影响——基于“五听”法文化的视角

The Transplant of the System of Discretional Evaluation in Late Qing Dynasty and Its Influence——A Perspective From“Five Listening”Legal Culture

我国清末民初开始移植西方的自由心证制度。民国徐朝阳先生认为我国古代的"五听"制度盖然为自由心证主义。通过对自由心证制度与传统"五听"制度的比较,发现它们并非同一概念,但在运用方法和价值取向上有一定的相似性。在"五听"法文化和清末司法体制改革的双重作用下,自由心证制度得以在清末民初的诉讼法中建立。中华人民共和国成立后诉讼制度并未采取自由心证主义,但在新一轮的诉讼改革中,自由心证已有渐进之势。

System of discretional evaluation was transplanted from western countries in late Qing and early Republic period.Xu Chaoyang in the Republic of China(1912-1949)held the view that the“five listening”system in ancient China is approximately equal to it.However,after comparison,the two are different notions,with some similarities in methods and value orientation though.Discretional evaluation system in procedural law in late Qing was established as a result of the dual effect of“five listening”legal culture and reform of the judicial system.After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China,the system was not adopted.However,in the new litigation reform it has become an evolutionary trend.