桂平博物馆馆藏东汉双耳铜甑铸造工艺及其保护修复研究

Study of casting technology,and conservation and restoration of a binaural bronze Zeng of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Guiping Museum

广西桂平博物馆藏东汉铜甑对于研究广西地区青铜器冶铸技术的发展具有重要的研究价值。但器物长期保存于潮湿环境中,矿化严重、保存状况较差,亟须保护修复。本研究应用X射线影像观察、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、模拟实验验证等方法研究了器物的铸造工艺、合金成分以及锈蚀产物成分。结果表明该器物为整体铸造成形,器物铸造时使用了轮制技术、刮板造型工艺以及铸后刻纹的工艺,箅部范块制作过程是用器身模翻制器身范后脱模,将器身模的圈足部分切下,然后在圈足泥模上刻出箅部型腔。在此基础上,遵循最低限度干预原则,力求将传统的文物修复手段与现代修复理念相结合,通过除锈、修补等保护修复措施后,不但提高了器物的整体稳定性,而且达到了可以展陈,发掘文物潜在价值的要求。

The study of a binaural bronze Zeng of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Guiping Museum is of importance for research on the development of bronze smelting and casting technology in the Guangxi area.However,having been kept in the local moist environment for a long time,the bronze Zeng has serious mineralization.Restoration of the object and improvement of its conservation conditions is extremely urgent.In this paper,X-ray images,optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis and simulation experiments were used to study the casting process,the alloy composition,and the corrosion products of the Zeng.The results show that the bronze Zeng were formed by integral casting.The technologies of the wheel system,scraper and after-casting engraving were used in the process.The ring foot of the model was cut to make a mould for the part of the grate.Based on our findings,we followed the principle of minimum intervention and strove to combine the traditional cultural relic restoration methods with the modern restoration concepts.We used several conservation and restoration measures such as rust cleaning and repair,not only to improve the overall stability of the bronze Zeng,but also to meet display requirements and to explore its potential value as a cultural relic.