医疗、法律与文化——关于传统中国疯癫问题的学术史研究

Medicine,Law and Culture:A History of Scholarship on the Study of Madness in Traditional China

近百年来,传统中国疯癫史经过数代人努力,在各方面都取得了较为深入的研究。在医疗史领域明确了身心合一的有机整体论;在文化史领域明确了"士"的佯狂对于中国文化的重要性及中西疯狂表现上的差别;法史领域则明确了在必要宽恕的同时,根据犯罪严重性决定相应的处罚。目前,有关研究仍存在历时性考察不足、视野有待进一步放宽等问题。同时,中国的疯癫史研究还应立足于中国的现实,积极与外国学者对话,而不应受其理论局限。

Over the course of the past hundred years,the study of madness in traditional China,as a collective effort of several generations of scholars,has made dramatic progress.In the field of medical history scholars have reached a consensus that the traditional view of madness in China was based on the unity between mind and body.In cultural history,scholars have explored the important role of the frenzy of the shi(educated elites)in Chinese culture and the divergent views of madness between China and the West;in legal history,scholars have noted that when it came to the sentencing of mad criminals,judges put the level of offence into consideration and sometimes granted leniency,under which minor crimes were exempted and necessary punishment for serious crimes were executed through the procedural control.However,there are still problems such as lack of long-term study and insufficient exchange between different disciplines.At the same time,the study of the history of madness in China needs to engage a conversation with foreign colleagues based on China s reality and get beyond the limits of Foucauldian theories.