职业倦怠在护士应对方式与共情能力间的中介作用分析

Mediating Effect of Burnout in Relationship between Coping Style and Empathy in Nurses

目的了解护士共情能力现状及特点,分析职业倦怠在应对方式与共情能力的中介作用,为提高护士共情能力提供依据。方法采用整群抽样法抽取湖南省4所三级医院的648名护士,采用自制一般资料调查表、杰弗逊共情量表、简易应对方式问卷及工作倦怠量表进行调查。结果 (1)护士共情总分为(77.65±6.51)分,其中观点采择(35.87±5.22)分,情感护理(30.77±3.92)分,换位思考(11.01±2.98)分;(2)Pearson相关分析结果显示:共情总分与工作倦怠中的成就感低落维度呈显著正相关(r=0.099,P<0.05),与简易应对方式中的消极应对维度呈显著正相关(r=0.099,P<0.05);(3)结构方程模型结果显示,职业倦怠中的情绪耗竭与成就感低落在消极应对和共情起到部分中介作用(χ2=6.083,df=3,P=0.108),中介效应占总效应的28.83%。结论护士的共情能力较低,可以通过采取合理的应对方式、消除职业倦怠来提高护士共情能力。

Objective To understand the empathy of nurses,and to explore the mediating effect of burnout in relationship between coping style and empathy,and provide evidence for improving nurses’empathy.Methods The convenience sampling method was used in this study.The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals(JSE-HP),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ)and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS)and a self-designed general information questionnaire were used to investigate 648 nurses from 4 ClassⅢhospitals of Hunan province.Results(1)The total score of empathy was 77.65±6.51 and the score of dimension of perspective taking was 35.87±5.22;that of emotional nursing 30.77±3.92 and that of transpositional consideration 11.01±2.98.(2)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of empathy was positively correlated with low achievement(r=0.099,P<0.05),and negative coping style(r=0.099,P<0.05).(3)Structural Equation Model showed that the emotional exhaustion and low achievement of burnout had partial intermediary effect(χ2=6.083,df=3,P=0.108)on negative coping style and empathy and the mediating effect accounted for 28.83%of the total effect.Conclusion The empathy of nurses is poor and improving negative coping styles and reducing job burnout will benefit enhancing their empathy.