油菜挥发物对三七根腐病菌的抑菌活性及其化学成分GC-MS分析

Antimicrobial activities of Brassica campestris L. volatiles to Panax notoginseng (Burk.)F.H. Chen root rot pathogens and chemical component analysis by GC-MS

【目的】研究油菜挥发物对三七主要根腐病菌的抑制作用,为利用油菜与三七轮作或作为生物熏蒸材料控制三七根腐病害提供指导。【方法】利用挥发物收集装置收集油菜茎和叶组织的挥发物,通过气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析油菜切段和研磨挥发物成分及相对含量;采用菌丝生长速率法测定油菜茎和叶挥发物及挥发物中硫醚类和异硫氰酸酯类化合物对3种根腐病菌(腐皮镰刀菌F-3、恶疫霉菌D-1和锈腐病菌RS006)的抑菌活性。【结果】油菜茎和叶对F-3菌株的抑菌活性表现出低促高抑的浓度效应,在最大用量2.0 g/皿时对D-1和RS006菌株的抑制率均大于65.00%。油菜切段挥发物的主要成分为二甲基二硫醚(相对含量55.86%),研磨的主要成分为叶醇(相对含量54.14%)等醇类物质。硫醚类和异硫氰酸酯类化合物中的二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)、二甲基三硫醚(DMTS)和异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC)对三七根腐病菌均有抑菌活性,强弱顺序为AITC>DMDS>DMTS。DMDS在浓度1200 mL/m^3时对F-3、D-1和RS006菌株的抑制率分别为35.24%、73.23%和52.19%;DMTS在50 mL/m^3时对F-3和RS006菌株的抑制率分别为61.55%和78.71%,对D-1菌株的抑制率为100.00%;AITC在8 mL/m^3时对F-3和RS006菌株的抑制率为53.85%和79.39%,在2 mL/m^3时即可完全抑制D-1菌株的生长。【结论】油菜挥发物中的DMDS、DMTS和AITC有较强的抑菌活性,利用油菜与三七轮作或对土壤进行生物熏蒸以控制三七根腐病具有很大的开发潜力。

【Objective】Inhibitory effects of Brassica campestris L.volatiles to major Panax notoginseng root rot pathogens were studied to provide guidance for controlling Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen root rot disease by B.campestris-P.notoginseng rotation or using B.campestris as biological fumigation materials.【Method】Volatiles of B.campestris stem and leaves tissues were collected by volatile collection device,and the components and relative contents of volatiles from dissection and grinding tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).After that,the antifungal activity of volatiles from stems and leaves and sulfoether and isothiocyanate compounds in the voatiles against three root rot pathogens(Fusarium solani F-3,Phytophthora cactorum D-1 and Cylindrocarpon destructans RS006)were determined by hyphal growth rate method.【Result】Low concentration of B.campestris stems and leaves promoted the activity of strain F-3,whereas high concentration inhibited its activity.The inhibitory rates against strains D-1 and RS006 were higher than 65.00%with the dosage of 2.0 g/dish.The main components of B.campestris dissection tissue volatiles was dimethyl disulfide(relative amount 55.86%).The main components of B.campestris grinding tissue volatiles was 3-hexen-1-ol,(Z)-(relative amount 54.14%).Dimethyl disulfide(DMDS),dimethyl trisulfide(DMTS)and allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),which belonged to sulfoether and isothiocyanate,had antimicrobial activities against P.notoginseng pathogens,and the inhibitory activity order was as follows:AITC>DMDS>DMTS.The inhibitory rates of DMDS against strains F-3,D-1,and RS006 were 35.24%,73.23%and 52.19%respectively at concentration of 1200 mL/m3.The inhibitory rates of DMTS against strains F-3 and RS006 were 61.55%and 78.71%at concentration of 50 mL/m3,and the inhibitory rate of DMTS against strain D-1 was 100.00%.The inhibitory rates of AITC against strains F-3 and RS006 were 53.85%and 79.39%at concentration of 8 mL/m3,and it completely inhibited the growth of strain D-1 at concentration of 2 mL/m3.【Conclusion】DMDS,DMTS and AITC in the B.campestris volatiles inhibitoty effects on the pathogens.The results imply that B.campestris-P.notoginseng rotation or biological fumigation on soil could be dveloped as a method to control P.notoginseng root rot.