广西甘蔗生产全程机械化发展研究（英文）

Mechanization development of sugarcane production in Guangxi

【目的】对比广西甘蔗生产在全程机械化、半机械化和习惯种植方式下的生产成本和产出差异,分析其原因,并对广西乃至全国的甘蔗生产竞争力提升提出发展建议。【方法】选用桂糖32号(GT-32)为试验材料,分别采用全程机械化、半机械化和习惯种植方式进行种植,时间从2011/2012榨季到2016/2017榨季共6年。在每一季种植过程中,统计生产投入和开支,收获时测定不同种植方式下甘蔗的耕层厚度、宿根期、株高、茎重、茎粗、含糖量、有效茎数、产量和实际生产成本。此外,将我国与全球其他主要甘蔗生产国的甘蔗生产成本进行对比分析,结合田间试验结果探究优化生产成本的路径。【结果】试验过程中全程机械化、半机械化、习惯种植的甘蔗株高和含糖量无显著差异(P>0.05)。机械化生产有利于甘蔗种植深耕深松和延长宿根期,较习惯种植能显著提升甘蔗的茎重、有效茎数及产量(P<0.05)。全程机械化产生的效果优于半机械化生产。生产成本方面,机械化种植取代了传统体力劳动,且有效降低了施肥和灌溉成本,因此全程机械化和半机械化均较习惯种植在耕作、收割、施肥、农药、劳动力成本等方面的成本明显降低。但与全球其他主要甘蔗生产国相比较,我国的农地使用成本的差距较大,成本优势并不明显。【结论】广西甘蔗生产必须坚持发展机械化,以不断提升产业国际竞争力。现有的农地租赁制度需要改革和创新,以降低农业生产单位的生产成本。

【Objective】The differences in sugarcane production cost and output of Guangxi sugarcane production under fully mechanization,semi-mechanization and habitual planting were compared,and the reasons were also analyzed.Then suggestions for improving sugarcane production competitiveness of Guangxi,even China,were put forward.【Method】Guitang(GT-32)was selected as material.Field experiment was carried out in three separate experimental fields by three different production methods included fully mechanized planting,semi-mechanized planting and habitual planting since 2011/2012 till 2016/2017 grindling seasons.In the process of sugarcane planting in each season,various production expenditures were counted.Topsoil layer thickness,ratooning period,plant height,stem weight,stem diameter,sugar content,effective number of stem,yield and actual production costs under each planting method were measured at harvest time.In addition,the production costs between China and other major sugarcane producing countries were analyzed,and the recommendation for future production cost optimization was made on account of the comparative analysis and field experiment results.【Result】There was no significant difference in plant height and sugar content among the three different production methods(P>0.05).Mechanization could achieve deep plowing,deep scarification and longer ratooning period.The stem diameter,stem weight,effective number of stem and yield were significantly improved by mechanized planting compared with habitual planting(P<0.05).The results of fully mechanized planting were better than semi-mechanized planting.In terms of production cost,mechanization planting took place of trditional manual work,and reduced fertilizer and irrigation costs.Therefore,compared with habitual planting,fully mechanized planting and semimechanized planting could cut down the costs in cultivation,harvest,fertilizer,pesticide and labor greatly.But the gap between China and other major sugarcane producing countries in terms of land use cost was large,and China did not enjoy cost advantage.【Conclusion】Guangxi sugarcane production should adhere to mechanization development unremittingly in order to enhance competitiveness in the globe.Current farmland management system requires reformation and innovation to cut down the production cost per production unit effectively.