水稻精量穴直播机电驱式侧深穴施肥系统设计与试验（英文）

Design and experiment of electrical drive side deep hill-drop fertilization system for precision rice hill-direct-seeding machine

针对水稻直播施肥过程中存在肥料用量大、化肥利用率低等问题,根据水稻精量穴直播与侧深穴施肥的农艺要求,开发了一套水稻精量穴直播机电驱式侧深穴施肥系统。采用液压自平衡方式设计全方位仿形系统,对机具在作业环境中实时自动调节,保证播种、施肥作业质量;采用圆弧函数曲线优化设计施肥沟开沟器,在距垄台上芽种行水平距离30 mm处开出宽50 mm、沟型平整的施肥沟;采用电力驱动方式设计电动式外槽轮排肥器,根据需要对每个排肥器独立调节,与配套的电动部件相连,将肥料成穴施入施肥沟底。田间试验表明,在机具前进速度为2.48 km/h,排种器、排肥器工作转速均为29 r/min,施肥深度为50 mm的最优工作条件下,穴播种量、穴施肥量合格率分别为86.73%、87.49%,施肥与播种穴距匹配,各行播种、施肥穴距合格率均为100%,播种、施肥穴距变异系数分别为17.2%、16.5%,芽种破损率为0.31%;并对排种器、排肥器在14~36 r/min工作转速范围内进行可行性验证试验,施肥系统可与水稻精量穴直播机配套,同步完成开沟、侧深穴施肥、覆泥、起垄和精量穴直播多项作业工序,各项性能指标均满足水稻直播、施肥的农艺要求。该研究可为水稻精量穴直播机及其施肥关键部件的设计和评价提供参考。

In order to solve the problems of the excessive application of fertilizer and the low utilization rate of fertilizer in the process of rice direct-seeding with synchronous fertilizing,according to the agronomic requirements,a set of electrical drive side deep hill-drop fertilization system for precision rice hill-direct-seeding machine was developed.The omni-directional profiling system was designed by hydraulic self-balance way,and the machine could adapt to the operation environment and accomplish the real-time and automatic adjustment;The design of fertilizer furrow opener was completed by circle function curve,and the opened smooth fertilizer furrow was with 50 mm width,with adjustable depth and at a lateral distance of 30 mm from bud row;The electrical outer slot wheel fertilizer applicator was designed by electrical drive way,which were connected with the electric parts.According to the work requirements,each fertilizer applicator can be adjusted separately,the fertilizer was applied onto the bottom of fertilizer furrow.Field experiments carried out in the Northeast Agricultural University test base in Suihua of Heilongjiang province,with the optimal working condition:machine speed was 2.48 km/h,the seed-metering device and fertilizer applicator both worked at a rotation speed of 29 r/min,the fertilizing depth was 50 mm,qualification rates of seeds and fertilizers in each hill were 86.73%and 87.49%.The fertilizing hill spacing matched seeding hill spacing,the variation coefficients of seeding and fertilizing hill spacing were 17.2%and 16.5%.The broken bud seed rate was 0.31%.During the feasibility experiment,the seed metering device and fertilizer applicator both worked at different rotation speeds such as 15,20,25,30,35 r/min.Test results showed that fertilization system could be matched with precision rice hill-direct-seeding machine,at the same time the synchronization of ditching furrows,side deep hill-drop fertilization,covering mud,forming ridges and precision rice hill-direct-seeding were achieved.The performance indexes could satisfy agronomic requirements of rice hill-direct-seeding as well as fertilization,so as to provide a reference for the design and evaluation of key fertilization components for precision rice hill-direct-seeding machine.