贺兰山马麝夏季营养采食策略

Summer Foraging Strategy of Alpine Musk Deer( Moschus sifanicus) in the Helan Mountains

2014～2016年,在贺兰山国家级自然保护区通过样方法,收集到70份马麝(Moschus sifanicus)新鲜粪便样本,并采集植物啃食样本进行粪便显微组织分析法进行对照研究,运用密度转化法计算出马麝各食物组分并进行聚类分析,得到贺兰山地区马麝夏季的主要食物组成。通过对主要成分中单宁含量、粗蛋白含量进行测定,运用中心合成设计(CCD)优化实验设计建立响应曲面模型,对马麝夏季采食策略进行分析。对食性的研究结果表明,苔藓植物、山杏、密齿柳、蒙古扁桃、脚苔草、狭叶锦鸡儿、高山地榆、紫丝膜菌、秦氏黄芪、紫丁香、小叶金露梅、内蒙野丁香,共占夏季食物组成比例的70%以上,为马麝夏季的主要食物组成。响应曲面模型具有较高的显著性(P<0.05),夏季马麝表现出偏爱粗蛋白含量低、单宁含量低的植物。其中,当植物中能量在17070.18～18967 J/g的范围内,马麝趋向于取食能量更高单宁含量更低的植物,随着粗蛋白含量和能量的降低,食物中的单宁含量呈下降趋势。表明贺兰山马麝夏季的采食策略与食草动物的传统采食优化理论营养物质均衡化相符。

From 2014-2016,we collected and analyzed fresh fecal samples of Alpine musk deer(Moschus sifanicus)and plant samples in the Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve in northwest China.We used fecal microscopic analysis and cluster analysis to calculate the proportions of each diet component.The content of tannins and crude protein in the main components were quantified and tested in laboratory.The response surface model was established by using CCD optimized experiment design.Finally,we evaluated the feeding strategy of Alpine musk deer in summer.We collected 70 fecal samples and 280 plant samples.Bryophytes,Prunus sibirica,Salix characta,Prunus mongolica,Carex pediformis,Caragana stenophylla,Sanguisorba alpina,Cortinarius purascens,Astragalus chingianus,Syringa oblata,Pentaphylloides parvifolia,and Leptodermis ordosica represented more than 70%of total food and were the main food species of Alpine musk deer in summer.The response surface model was significant(P<0.05),and Alpine musk deer selected plants with low crude protein content and low tannin content.When the energy content of forage plants was in the range of 17070-18967 J/g,Alpine musk deer tended to feed on plants with higher energy and lower tannin content.With declining crude protein content and energy,the tannin content in forage plants showed a downward trend.The results showed that the feeding strategy of Alpine musk deer in summer was in accordance with the traditional feeding optimization theory of herbivores.