黑龙江仙洞山梅花鹿自然保护区冬季梅花鹿环境容纳量初步估算与分析

Estimation of Winter Carrying Capacity of Sika Deer( Cervus nippon horhulorum) in Xiandongshan Nature Reserve of Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江仙洞山梅花鹿自然保护区的梅花鹿种群,是中国最大的一群东北梅花鹿野外种群,是梅花鹿东北亚种的重要组成部分。为评估该保护区梅花鹿的容纳量水平,并确定该种群的实际数量,对黑龙江省仙洞山梅花鹿自然保护区冬季梅花鹿环境容纳量进行了初步估算,以便评估该保护区梅花鹿生存的适宜度。2015年3～4月,在保护区采用分层抽样技术,共布设样线20条,每条样线长1.5～5 km,在样线上每隔300～400 m布设10 m×10 m的大样方,大样方中央及四角布设1 m×1 m的小样方,调查中共布设大样方103个,小样方620个,通过样方测定梅花鹿生境中主要食物的生物量供给量。通过食物营养成分分析,确定野外生境食物营养供给量。根据圈养梅花鹿冬季的日营养需求,结合研究地区梅花鹿生境食物资源类型,以代谢能和氮为基础估算该保护区东北梅花鹿的营养容纳量。研究结果表明:以代谢能为估算基础,黑龙江仙洞山梅花鹿自然保护区冬季梅花鹿容纳量为390头,以氮为基础估算值为729头。本研究中,保护区梅花鹿冬季的主要食物蛋白质的含量均远远超过了它的需求量。所以本文以代谢能为基础估算的容纳量作为该保护区冬季梅花鹿种群环境容纳量。

The population of sika deer(Cervus nippon)occupying Xiandongshan Nature Reserve(XMNR)is the largest of the northeast China sika deer populations and therefore an important component of the northeast China sika deer subspecies.We estimated the winter carrying capacity for sika deer and the population of sika deer at of XMNR.Our objective was to evaluate survival probability of sika deer in the reserve.From March to April,2015,we sampled 20 line transects,each 1.5-5 km in length.On each transect,we sampled plots(10 m×10 m)at 300-400 m intervals,and each large sample plot was partitioned into five small sample plots(1 m×1 m).We investigated 103 large sample plots and 620 small sample plots.We sampled the forage resources to quantify forage available to sika deer.We analyzed nutrition composition of food items to estimate nutrient supply of food in the field.We compared daily nutritional requirements of captive sika deer with vegetation in the habitat of sika deer at XMNR to estimate the nutritional carrying capacity for northeast China sika deer based on metabolic energy and nitrogen.We estimated winter carrying capacity at 390 based on metabolizable energy and 729 based on nitrogen.The protein content of primary winter forage species was far more than the amount required by sika deer.We adopted the estimated carrying capacity based on metabolizable energy as the winter nutritional carrying capacity of sika deer at XMNR.