长白山北部林区野猪局域种群的遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity of Wild Boar in Northern Changbai Mountain

为探索东北地区野猪种群的遗传资源特征,本研究通过收集长白山北部林区5个地点的140份粪便样本,结合世界粮农组织(FAO)推荐的9个微卫星标记,使用Microsatellite Toolkit、GENEALEx软件计算相关遗传参数,评估各野猪局域种群的遗传多样性。研究结果表明,9个微卫星标记检测到的等位基因数目为6～15个,且PIC值为0.625～0.888,均为高度多态性位点。种群平均表观杂合度为0.760～0.813,平均期望杂合度为0.687～0.766,平均有效等位基因数为3.368～5.144个,表明群体内的遗传变异较丰富。5个局域种群的9个微卫星位点中,共有6个位点偏离Hardy-Weionberg平衡(P<0.05)。各种群的Shannon指数平均值为1.359～1.729,表明各种群离散程度较高,遗传多样性丰富。9个微卫星标记的Fis值变化范围为-0.206～0.074,杂合子水平高于纯合子,近交程度低。研究表明,所筛选的9个微卫星标记均为高度多态性位点,可用于检测东北野猪群体的遗传多样性,实验结果可靠,且所研究区域的野猪种群近交程度低,遗传多样性丰富。

To investigate the genetic resources of wild boar(Sus scrofa)population in northeast China,140 fecal samples were collected from 5 regions in northern Changbai Mountain,and 9 microsatellite markers recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)were analyzed.The genetic diversity of wild boar was evaluated by using Microsatellite Toolkit and GenAIEx software to calculate the genetic indexes.The results showed that the number of alleles detected by 9 microsatellite markers ranged from 6 to 15,and the PIC values ranged from 0.625 to 0.888,all markers were highly polymorphic.The mean observed heterozygosity,the mean expected heterozygosity and the average number of effective alleles were 0.760-0.813,0.687-0.766,3.368-5.144,respectively,which indicated high genetic diversity within these populations.A total of 6 loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium across five populations(P<0.05).The average Shannon's index of phenotypic diversity of five populations ranged from 1.359-1.729,indicating that the dispersion degree of populations is high and the genetic diversity is rich.Estimators of Fis ranged from-0.206 to 0.074,which showed heterozygotes to be more numerous than homozygotes,indicating a low degree of inbreeding.Our study showed that all 9 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers could be used to accurately analyze the genetic diversity of wild boar in northeast China.In the five populations,the extent of inbreeding was low while genetic diversity was high.