北方森林熊类越冬熊仓及生境研究进展

The Research Progress of Bears Dens and Denning Habitat in the Boreal Forest

生境是动物赖以生存的条件。动物与环境协同进化,表现出多样的适应性。北方森林冬季积雪覆盖、食物匮乏、气候恶劣。为适应严酷的冬季环境,北方熊类具有冬眠的行为。随着纬度变化,置仓生境、熊仓类型以及熊仓年表存在一定的变化;大尺度上的景观变化,也会影响置仓生境和熊仓类型选择及熊仓年表。食物资源的可获得性、海拔、降雪量、气温变化以及人为干扰是影响冬眠的主要因子。置仓生境和熊仓类型选择的研究对保护熊类越冬栖息地和反盗猎有重要意义;熊仓年表研究更有利于种群保护和恢复,避免春季人熊冲突事件的发生。人为干扰对熊类冬眠影响较大,合理的降低人为干扰有利于种群动态平衡和发展。

Animals coevolve with the environment through adaptation.In winter,the northern forest is covered by snow,food is scarce,and the weather is inclement.To cope with the inclement winter environment,bears hibernate in winter.Selection of denning habitat,den type,and denning chronology change with latitude.Large-scale landscape changes can also affect den habitat selection,den type,and denning chronology.Availability of food resource,elevation,snowfall,temperature change,and human disturbance are the main factors affecting hibernation.Study of the denning habitat selection and den types is of great significance to protect denning habitat and deter poaching.The research on the denning chronology is more conducive to the protection and restoration of the population and to avoid human-bear conflicts in the spring.Human disturbance has a great influence on bear hibernation,and reduction of human disturbance is beneficial to bear reproduction and survival,and to species recovery.