晚年章太炎的“儒学”观--以儒学、理学与经史之学等概念辨析为中心的考察

The“ Confucianism”View of Zhang Taiyan in His Late Years——A Study on the Concepts of Confucianism,Neo-Confucianism and History

章太炎晚年讲"国学",因为其独特的时空背景而从"理学"讲起,却提出回归原始儒学,即排斥孔子、子思、孟子以及宋、明诸儒的"性天"之类"超人格"之说,排斥受西洋影响的哲学、史学,转而倡导孔、孟原始儒学,从而重构其"儒学"体系。其"儒学"涵义有着相辅相成的两个方面:一是儒者之业,从学理层面看,倡导的是修己治人之"实学"而非"明心见性"之"空谈";另一是儒者之行,从践行层面看,倡导的是"气节"而非"极深研几"的"超出人格"之学说。再由此而论儒学与经、史之关系,认为经衍而为儒家史家、六经皆史、经史又合于儒学。

Zhang Taiyan,in his late years,returned to the original Confucianism due to its unique spatial and temporal background,striving to reconstruct the“Confucianism”system by excluding the proposition of“Nature and Heaven”put forward by Confucius,Zi Si,Mencius and Neo-Confucian scholars of Ming and Qing dynasties.as well as the philosophy and history of western influence.The meaning of Confucianism involves two aspects:one is the Confucian industry,which,from the academic level,advocates the“pragmatic”rather than the“empty talk”of the“enlightened mind”;the other is the practice of Confucianism,which proposes the theory of“moral integrity”rather than“deep research”.From this point of view,Confucian classics,historical records,and philosophical writings intermingle without losing their separate identities.