氢气植物学效应的研究进展

Research progress in the botanical effects of hydrogen gas

氢气(hydrogen,H_2)是一种新的气体信号分子。藻类和微生物的氢酶可以产生并释放H_2,高等植物也可能存在类似于氢酶的蛋白催化H_2的合成。同时,各种非生物胁迫和激素也可诱导产生H_2。与动物中H_2通过选择性抗氧化预防和辅助治疗多种疾病所不同的是,植物中H_2的生理作用可能还与其通过迅速诱导活性氧信号,从而调动抗氧化防护系统有关。H_2具有多种植物学效应,包括调控生长发育和提高对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的抗/耐性,其分子机制涉及对miRNA、基因表达、激素水平和蛋白质修饰的调控,并可能与一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)和一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)等气体信号转导有关。H_2的研究掀起了新一轮健康革命,"氢农业"的发展也已初具规模。本文主要综述了H_2产生、生理功能以及与激素等信号分子互作的研究进展,并对H_2植物学效应和"氢农业"进行了展望。

Hydrogen(H 2)is a new gas signal molecule,and hydrogen enzymes from the algae and microorganism can produce and release H 2.Higher plants may have hydrogen-like protein(s)that catalyze the production of H 2,and the production of H 2 is also induced by abiotic stresses and phytohormones.As a novel antioxidant,H 2 has been proven effective in adjutant therapy.Importantly,the role of H 2 in plants may also be related to the first rapidly induced reactive oxygen species signals,thus triggering antioxidant defense.H 2 plays multiple biological roles,including regulating plant growth,development,and increasing plant tolerance/resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses;its molecular mechanisms involve in the regulation of miRNA,gene expression,phytohormone levels,and protein modification.In addition,nitric oxide(NO)and carbon monoxide(CO)are involved in the biological effects induced by H 2.Recently,researches of H 2 had set off a new round of healthy revolution,and the development of hydrogen agriculture was just a beginning.This paper mainly reviewed the research progress of H 2 production,physiological functions,and interactions with hormones and other signaling molecules.Finally,the prospect of botanical effects of H 2 and hydrogen agriculture was suggested.