脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标和抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of deoxynivalenol on performance, blood indices and antioxidant capacity in laying hens

[目的]本试验旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)对高产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血常规、血液生化指标以及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。[方法]选用26周龄体质量为(1.90±0.2)kg、产蛋率一致的海兰蛋鸡120只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只,对照组每天灌胃等量生理盐水,试验组每天分别灌胃1、5、10、20和50 mg·kg^(-1)DON,连续灌服6周。[结果]与对照组相比,不同质量浓度DON处理组蛋白高度和哈夫单位均显著升高,白细胞(WBC)和血小板(PLT)数量均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。DON剂量为10 mg·kg^(-1)时,与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋率极显著降低(P<0.01),血清中红细胞(RBC)数量、血红蛋白(HGB)含量和红细胞压积(HCT)极显著上升至最高(P<0.01);DON剂量高于10 mg·kg^(-1)时,与对照组相比,血清中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和尿素(UREA)浓度及肝脏组织中一氧化氮(NO)和丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),蛋壳颜色和肝脏组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),但5 mg·kg^(-1)DON组的T-AOC水平和SOD活性显著提升(P<0.05)。[结论]DON会显著影响蛋鸡的凝血功能,当DON剂量达到10 mg·kg^(-1)会显著降低蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋品质,引起肝脏和肾脏组织损伤,对肝脏的抗氧化能力也具有显著抑制作用。

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of deoxynivalenol(DON)on performance,egg quality,blood routine,serum biochemical parameter and liver oxidation indices in laying hens.[Methods]One hundred twenty 26-week-old Hy-Line laying hens with weight(1.90±0.2)kg and similar egg production rate were randomly allotted to 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 laying hens per replicate,the laying hens in the test groups were fed one of the 5 kinds of diets[1,5,10,20 and 50 mg·kg-1 DON exposed daily via intragastric administration]for 6 weeks,and laying hens in the control group were fed the same equivalent normal saline as test groups in the same protocol.[Results]Compared with control,albumen height and Haugh unit value in different DON groups significantly increased,but the count of WBC and PLT remarkably decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In 10 mg·kg-1 DON group,egg production rate decreased(P<0.01),and RBC,HGB and HCT in blood significantly increased compared with control group(P<0.01).Besides,when doses of DON was added more than 10 mg·kg-1,the HGB,RBC and HCT in blood,the concentration of UREA and levels of AST,ALT and ALP in serum and the concentration of NO and MDA in liver were significantly elevated(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but eggshell color and the activity of T-AOC,GSH-Px and SOD in liver significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01).However,levels of T-AOC and SOD in 5 mg·kg-1 DON group dramatically increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]It is concluded that the supplementation of DON could significantly affect the blood coagulation function of laying hens,and addition of 10 mg·kg-1 DON could cause the decrease of egg production rate and egg quality,the organ damage of liver and kidney and the reduction of antioxidant ability in liver of laying hens.