也谈闽方言的麻佳同韵现象

Re-analysis of the merger of the Ma and Jia rhymes in Min dialects

"麻佳同韵"有两种表现:第一种是麻韵读同佳韵,第二种是佳韵读同麻韵,在今闽方言中都属于第二种情况,其中文读层与白读层的麻佳同韵现象不尽相同。在今闽方言中,麻佳同韵现象在各地文读层中都有不同程度的反映,且例字高度一致;而在白读层中,麻佳同韵现象在闽南方言中似乎显得较为突出,其他闽方言或是因为缺乏完整的白读层而无从考据,或是没有体现出麻佳同韵现象。本文认为,闽方言中的"麻佳同韵"无论在文读层还是白读层中,都只是词汇扩散的零星现象,是音韵规律上的"特字",不构成特定的层次。

The merger of the Ma and Jia rhymes is of two types:(1)the Ma(麻)rhyme merges into the Jia(佳)rhyme;and(2)the Jia rhyme merges into the Ma rhyme.The second type predominates in Min dialects,yet it shows differences in the literary and colloquial readings.On the literary layers of Min dialects,the merger of the two rhymes,though varies in degree,displays high consistency in example words.While on the colloquial layers,it appears to be more prominent in the Southern Min dialect than in other Min dialects,in which there are neither integrated colloquial layers for textual research,nor the merger of the two rhymes in colloquial speech.It argues conclusively that the merger of the Ma and Jia rhymes reflected in Min dialects is only sporadic both on the literary and colloquial layers,which might be attributed to the mechanism of lexical diffusion.Therefore,they should be viewed as“particular cases”of the phonological rule,and thus have not yet constituted a specific layer.