点石成金的学校?--对学校“加工能力”的探讨

School of Golden Touch? A Study of School's Effectiveness in Improving Students' Academic Performance

本文利用中国教育追踪调查数据,通过追踪初中生学业表现的变化趋势,期望探讨各种特征的学校在提高学生学业方面是否效能有异。本研究发现:整体社会经济地位更高、生源水平更好、物质设施更完备的学校可以更有效地提高学生的学业水平;相反,学校在当地社区的排名、学校整体的师资水平以及学校部分管理措施则对改善学生学业表现没有显著作用。进一步的研究发现,学校难以弥补不同基础的学生在学业方面的固有差距。

This paper is aimed to explore whether different schools have different effectiveness in improving students'academic performance,and if so,which factors might affect schools'effectiveness.Using data from China Educational Panel Study(CEPS),this research examines the influence of various school elements on the dynamic changes of junior high school students'academic performance.It finds that,schools with higher socioeconomic status,better academic quality of students enrolled,and more complete school facilities,are more effective in improving students'academic performance.Meanwhile,the research also reveals that,the rankings of schools at local community,the average quality of school teachers,and part of school academicrelated practice don't have significant influence on school's effectiveness.In sum,this research extends the previous studies of students'educational attainment from focusing on students'performance to focusing on the change of performance,and proves the important roles played by quality of enrolled students and individual/aggregated family socioeconomic status in improving students'academic performance.