江苏如皋东南边境方言的卷舌音声母

Retroflex Initials on Southeastern Boundary of Rugao County,Jiangsu Province

如皋东南边境的方言有一套卷舌音声母[■■■],来自今读开口呼的古知三章组字、多数今读合口呼的知庄章组字和少数见晓组字。这不是一个孤立的现象,而是这一带卷舌音分布区的一部分,是早期通泰方言卷舌音声母的遗存。与此相关的声母演变主要有:知二庄[ts]组与知三章[■]组在开口呼韵母前保持对立,在合口呼韵母前大多合流为[■]组;少数见晓组字也发生了卷舌化的音变,但在时间上要晚于知三章组。卷舌音的消失先发生于城镇,再逐渐扩散到乡村。

In the dialects on the southeastern boundary of Rugao county,Jiangsu province,characters from MC Zhi知initial group with 3 rd division vowel and Zhang章initial group with vowels without[-i-],[-u-]or[-y-]medials today,most Zhi知,Zhuang庄and Zhang章initial groups with vowels with[-u-]medial today,and a minority of Jian见and Xiao晓initial groups are pronounced as a set of retroflex[ts tsh s].These retroflex are also widely distributed in neighbouring dialects and they are regarded as remains of those in early Tongtai dialects.Consonant changes relating to the retroflex include:(1)initials of the MC Zhi知with 2 nd division vowels and Zhuang庄initial groups have always contrasted with those from Zhi知with 3 rd division vowels and Zhang章with vowels without[-i-],[-u-]or[-y-]medials(ts:■>ts:ts),while most of those with vowels with[-u-]medial merged into one group(ts:■>ts).(2)A few syllables from MC Jian见and Xiao晓initial groups retroflexed after those from Zhi知with 3 rd division vowels and Zhang章.The disappearance of retroflex is not geographically continuous.Instead,it took place in towns,and then spread to villages.