论事前弃权的效力

On the Validity of exante Renunciation

从流担保禁令、时效利益预先放弃禁令等五种权利事先放弃的法律解释论出发,可归纳出事前弃权原则上倾向于无效的一般规则。其背后法理逻辑包括:未来权利尚未特定化,处分行为前提欠缺;意思表示容易生瑕疵;被放弃权利涉及人身(信赖)利益;事前弃权容易导致对自由或独立的过分限制;可能违反赋权规范的特定公益目的。将该规则验证性适用于任意解除权、法定解除权、违约金酌减权以及建设工程优先受偿权等权利的事先放弃场合,亦能获得较好的解释力。

From legal interpretation aspect of five ex ante renunciation,such as the prohibition of the fluidity item and ex ante renunciation of benefit of prescription ban.it can be presumed that ex ante re-nunciation tends to be invalid in general.The legal logic behind the conclusion includes:(1)that the fu-ture rights have not yet been specified;(2)the precondition of the disposition act is deficient;(3)the de-claration of will tends to have defects;(4)the abandoned rights involve personal trust interests;(5)the ex-ante renunciation is likely to give rise to excessive restrictions on liberty or independence;and(6)t may violate specific public interest purpose of norms of prescribed rights.The preferable results of legal interpretation can be realized in the case that such a general rule is applied to the ex ante renunciation of rights such as arbitrarily relieved right,statutory right of cancellation,right of appropriate reduction of penalty,priority of claim on construction and so on.