传统社会贫困人口家庭救助惯习的成因及当下走向

The Cause and Current Trend of Poor Family Assistance Habitusin Traditional Society

在中国传统社会,家庭担负着重要的救助责任。家庭救助的领域有:养老救助、教育救助、医疗救助、就业救助和灾荒救助等。在传统社会,贫困人口家庭救助惯习的成因有三:内在制度在伦理上强化了家庭成员间的互助共济功能;缺少外在制度对贫困人口的社会救助;民间慈善组织是一种较强的选择性救助。当前,由于家庭规模的小型化和家庭价值观的变迁,致使家庭的救助作用在不断衰减。同时,中国正处于急剧的社会转型期,各种风险具有较强的不确定性和危害性,单靠家庭无力应对诸多风险。因此,国家、社会及个人均不可高估家庭的救助功能,反而应加强国家的社会救助能力建设;社会组织发挥积极的救助功能;国家可对家庭采取激励措施,以动员家庭积极参与对贫困家庭成员的救助。

Family undertakes an important assistant responsibility in Chinese traditional society.Family assistance includes pension assistance,educational assistance,medical assistance,employment assistance,famine relief and so on.There are three causes of poor family assistance habitus.First,there is lack of external system of social assistance to the poor.Second,The internal system has strengthened the function of mutual assistance among family members in ethics.Besides,Non-governmental charities have strong selective assistance.Due to the miniaturization of family size and changes in family values,the role of family assistance has decayed at present.Meanwhile,China is in a period of rapid social transformation.Various risks have a strong uncertainty and danger situation.Family alone can not cope with many risks.Therefore,state,society and individual can not overestimate the family’s assistance function.The state should strengthen the government’s social assistance capacity.Social organizations play a positive assistance function.The government can also create incentives for families to mobilize families to actively participate in the relief of poor family members.