非遗视域下地方戏曲传承与发展的思考——以福建地区为例

Some Thoughts on Inheritance and Development of Local Opera under the Intangible Cultural Heritage——Taking FuJian Province as an Example

在全球性保护非物质文化遗产热潮的大背景下,地方戏曲得到新生的同时也出现了濒危的状况,尤其是一些小剧种濒临消逝。究其原因,主要体现有四个方面:社会变迁引起审美文化的变化;地方戏曲文化缺乏良好的文化生态;地方戏曲自身的传承机制断裂;长期以来我国各地普遍缺乏"非遗"意识,更缺乏保护意识。为了实现振兴地方戏曲的奋斗目标,一方面要保护和优化地方戏曲的文化生态,包括内生态因素和外生态因素。另一方面要把地方戏曲融入文化创意产业进行活态传承与创新发展,借助网络、手机方式为主的新媒体进行传播。当然,还要处理好地方戏曲保护和发展的关系:原汁原味保存地方戏曲和创意创新的关系;地方戏曲的重点保护和全面保护的关系;地方戏曲的经济转向与政府扶持的关系。

In the context of the global protection of intangible cultural heritage,local operas have also been in danger of being endangered.In particular,some small plays are dying.The reasons are mainly reflected in four aspects:social change causes the change of aesthetic culture,the local opera culture lacks of a good cultural ecology,the inheritance mechanism of local operas is broken.For a long time,there is a lack of“intangible”awareness and a lack of protection.In order to achieve the goal of revitalizing local opera,we should protect and optimize the cultural ecology of local operas,including ecological factors and external ecological factors.We should integrate local opera into the cultural and creative industry to carry on the living state inheritance and innovation development.Of course,we should also deal with the relationship between the protection and development of local operas,including the relationship between local operas and creative innovation,the key protection and comprehensive protection of local operas,the relationship between the economic turn of local opera and government support.