美国联邦政府支持教育的动因、教育预算与拨款行动

The US Federal Government's Motivations of Supporting Education,Education Budget and Appropriation Action

尽管《美国联邦宪法》规定教育主要是州与地方政府的公共事务,但是研究美国教育财政决不能忽视联邦政府在教育中扮演的重要角色和不可替代的作用。联邦政府支持教育的动因,主要是基于维护国家治理的共同价值观、保障全民的基本权力和教育福利、唤醒国民的"国家利益和国家安全"意识、扩大联邦政府在教育中的话语权和声望等。联邦政府支持教育的行动主要采取教育预算及拨款政策工具。联邦政府的教育预算反映了其保障国家战略的优先性,预算过程采取相关部门协同行动,充满了各方利益博弈和权力制衡,预算信息充分公开和透明,防止了任何一方权力的被滥用。联邦政府的教育拨款根植于宪法赋予的促进大众福祉的根本目的,拨款政策和金额的多少是由包括授权机构在内的相关机构、不同利益团体共同参与的结果。数据法是联邦政府管理教育拨款过程的最新法律依据,它强调数字责任和数字透明性,通过数据驱动,以增强资金受助人的花钱责任,为公众提供知情便利,从而提高联邦拨款项目支出的透明度和资金使用的有效性。联邦政府对教育拨款的监督与问责,主要通过授权公开教育拨款报告、监督教育拨款数据、监督和处罚教育拨款欺诈行为等行动。

The motivations of the federal government in supporting education mainly base on maintaining the common values of state governance,safeguarding the basic right education benefits of all people,arousing citizens’awareness of“national interest and national security”and expanding the federal government’s authority and prestige in education The federal government’s education budget reflects its priority of safeguarding its national strategy.The budgetary process takes cooperative action of relevant departments,It is filled with the game of interests and the balances of power.In addition,the budget information is fully disclosed and transparent,preventing abuse of power on either side.The federal government’s education appropriation is rooted in the fundamental purpose of promoting the public’s well-being that conferred by the Constitution The funding policy and the amount are the result of the joint participation of various interest groups and relevant agencies that include authorized agencies.The data law,federal government’s latest legal basis for administering education appropriation process,emphasizes digital responsibility through data-driven efforts to increase the spending responsibility on recipients of funds and digital transparency by providing public access to information to increase federal funding expenditures 8 transparency and effectiveness of the use of funds.Federal government supervision and accountability on education funding mainly realized by authorizing public education appropriation reports,monitoring education appropriation data,monitoring and punishing the fraud in educational appropriations.