民法总则与公司法的适用关系论

Law Application between the General Provisions of the Civil Law and the Company Law

民法总则作为私法的一般性规则,对公司法具有补充适用和漏洞填补的功能。民法总则施行后,在法律适用上应协调好与公司法的关系。民法总则有关法人、营利法人以及法律行为的一般性规则,对公司法均有补充适用的余地。在公司决议的成立与撤销、公司解散时的清算义务与清算后剩余财产的处理等问题上,应处理好公司法特别规定的优先适用与民法总则一般规定的补充适用之间的关系。公司法对公司董事以法人名义实施的民事法律行为缺乏规范,应以类推适用的方法适用民法总则的规定,以填补该项漏洞。同时,以民法总则的法源条款填补公司法上的其他漏洞时,应充分关注法源适用的顺位,使有关公司的商事习惯法优先于民法适用。公司法在被民法总则提取共同性规则后,出现诸如公司法总则的空洞化、民法总则一般规定抽象不足而引起的法律理解与适用上的难度,以及民法总则个别规定造成体系违反等问题,对此需要重新整合。

The General Provisions of the Civil Law,as general rules of private law,have the functions of supplementing and stopping legal loopholes in the Company Law.The relationship between the General Provisions of the Civil Law and the Company Law should be well coordinated in terms of law application after the former comes into force.If the Company Law is silent on such issues as the legal person,for-profit legal person,as well as the general rules of a juridical act,the general rules of the General Provisions of the Civil Law may apply.With respect to the establishment or revocation of a company’s resolution,the General Provisions of the Civil Law shall apply or apply complementally.Where a legal person is dissolved,liquidation obligors shall be formed according to the relevant provisions in the General Provisions of the Civil Law.The residual property after the legal person is liquidated shall be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions in the Company Law because such situation belongs to those“as otherwise provided for by any law”provided for in the General Provisions of the Civil Law.The General Provisions of the Civil Law can be applied,by analogy,on the civil juristic act of a company’s directors carried out on behalf of a legal person.Other loopholes in the Company Law can be stopped through the application of provisions related to the legal source in the General Provisions of the Civil Law.It should be recognized that customary commercial law in essence belongs to the regime of special commercial law and applies preferentially to civil law when commercial loopholes occur,so as to be consistent with the spirit of commercial law.In a word,Company Law needs to be reintegrated after it’s relevant provisions have been introduced into the General Provisions of the Civil Law.