20世纪50年代北京城市规划中的苏联因素

The Soviet Union's Factor in Beijing Urban Planning in the 1950's

新中国成立之初,规划建设"新北京"、打造社会主义城市空间是中央与北京考虑的重要问题之一。北京市都市计划委员会所聘请的中国建筑与规划专家一开始即与苏联专家在规划思路上产生了分歧。由于新政权缺乏城市规划与建设的经验,除启用原有的技术人员之外,邀请苏联专家进行指导、学习苏联城市规划与建设的经验成为当时的现实性选择。从1953年的规划草案到1958年的总体规划初步方案,莫斯科城市规划建设的经验和苏联专家的建议是其重要的借鉴与参照。尽管北京城市规划方案的最终出台是多种因素共同作用的结果,但苏联因素是影响20世纪50年代北京城市规划与建设的突出因素,其影响值得深入探讨。

At the beginning of the founding of New China,the planning and construction of“new Beijing”and the building of the socialist urban space are one of the important issues considered by the Central and Beijing government.The chinese architecture and planning experts hired by Beijing Municipal Planning Commission disagreed with Soviet Union experts on planning ideas at the beginning.As the new regime lacked the experience of urban planning and construction,except for using the original technical staff,inviting Soviet Union experts to guide and study the Soviet Union’s urban planning and construction experience became the realistic choice at that time.From the plan draft of 1953 to the initial overall plan scheme of 1958,the experience of Moscow’s urban planning and construction and the advice of Soviet Union experts were the important references.Although the final promulgation of the Beijing Urban Planning Scheme was the result of the joint action of many forces,the Soviet Union’s factor was the outstanding factor affecting the urban planning and construction of Beijing in the 1950’s and needed further discussions.