朱光潜前期对康德—克罗齐美学的批评——从《文艺心理学》到《克罗齐哲学述评》

Zhu Guangqian's Criticism on Kant-Croce Aesthetics in the Early Period:FromThe Psychology of Literature and Art to A Review of Croce's Philosophy

朱光潜前期的美学思想并没有囿于康德—克罗齐的形式主义美学,而毋宁是一个走出康德—克罗齐的影响,反思、批判康德—克罗齐美学的过程。这个过程始于《文艺心理学》(1936),完成于《克罗齐哲学述评》(1948)。《文艺心理学》中,朱光潜接受了康德—克罗齐所给出的美感经验原理,但不同意克罗齐对艺术的看法,争论的核心是艺术与实际人生和社会的关系问题。他试图找到克罗齐错误的艺术观的根源,但并不成功。《克罗齐哲学述评》纠正了《文艺心理学》中对克罗齐的误会,找到了克罗齐错误的艺术观的根源,同时也打碎了克罗齐唯心主义哲学的根基。他还借对克罗齐哲学的述评,对唯心主义哲学作了一次总检讨,发现唯心主义打破心物二元的企图结果只是一个"惨败"。这一切都为他后期转向马克思主义美学埋下了伏笔。

Zhu Guangqian's earlier aesthetic thought is not constrained by Kant-Croce formalist aes-thetics,but a process of reflection and criticism on Kant-Croce.In The Psychology of Literature and Art(1936),Zhu accepted the principle of aesthetic experience proposed by Kant-Croce but disagreed with Croce’s view of art.The core of the debate was the relationships connecting art,real life and society.He attempted to uncover the root of Croce’s wrong view of art but failed.In AReview of Croce's Philosophy(1948),Zhu corrected the misunderstandings of Croce in The Psychology of Literature and Art,examined the root of Croce’s wrong viewand broke the foun-dation of his idealist philosophy,and made a holistic examination of idealist philosophy finding that idealism's attempt to break the dualism betweenmind and matter was a“disastrous defeat.”All this provided the basis for his turn to Marxist aesthetics.