容克委员会主席化的新发展及其动力解释

New Developments and Dynamics in the Presidentialisation of the Juncker Commission

2014年上任的容克委员会的主席化的新发展包括制度和行为两个方面:在制度层面,因为委员团的激进重构和以秘书处为中心的行政控制加强而进一步推动了主席行政资源的中心化,使其行政维度进一步强化;在行为层面,因热门人选程序的引入而初步实现了政治的个人化,从而开创了政党维度与选举维度的主席化。由此,容克委员会的主席化在历史上首次形成包含三个维度的完整结构。行政维度的深化动力主要来自容克主席个人,动力机制是容克主席在委员会形成过程中所运用的关于委员的职务分配与政策任务分派这两个工具;政党维度与选举维度的新生动力主要是欧盟超国家机构——欧盟委员会与欧洲议会的合力形成对欧洲理事会的博弈优势,动力机制则是热门人选程序及其后续进程。容克委员会主席化的发展动力可从新制度主义理论中获得系统性解释。

The presidentialisation of the Juncker Commission in 2014 constitutes of two processes,that is,the institutional focus on centralization of executive resources and behavioural focus on personalization of politics.The radical reorganization of the College and the tightened executive control of the Commission by the Secretariat General have strengthened the executive arm of presidentialisation.The introduction of the Spitzenkandidaten procedure has created two new dimensons in the presidentialisation of the Juncker Commission,i.e.,the electoral dimension and party dimension.For the first time,the presidentialisation of the Commission has emerged as a comprehensive structure consisting of three facets.The dynamic of the executive face comes from Juncker himself with the help of the allocation of portfolios and assignment of responsibilities to the Commissioners.The dynamic of electoral and party faces comes mainly from the advantage produced by the cooperation between the European Parliament and the Commission over the Council by way of Spitzenkandidaten in imposing their preferred candidates.The open dialogue of the rational choice institutionalism and the sociological institutionalism give us a systematic explanation for the presidentialisation of the Juncker Commission.