国际扶贫中的目标定位机制:多维贫困测度方法在发展中国家的应用

Targeting Mechanism in International Poverty Alleviation:Application of Multidimensional Poverty Targeting in Developing Countries

目标定位机制是社会减贫计划中用以识别贫困对象的基本工具,自20世纪70年代以来获得了快速发展。随着国际社会对贫困现象复杂性认识的加深和多维贫困概念的提出,传统的以货币收入为测度标准的单维定位方式,已难以适应减贫形势的需要,多维测度方法开始得到广泛应用。本文以拉丁美洲地区的案例为重点,分析发展中国家多维贫困现象及其目标定位方法的运用经验,以期对中国当前实施的精准扶贫提出借鉴。

Targeting mechanism,as the primary tool used to identify candidates in poverty alleviation programs,has been widely applied since 1970s.As the international society gains more understanding about the complexity of poverty,the traditional measure of poverty,which unidimensionally focused on monetary income,shows more limitations.The new concept of multidimensional poverty is introduced,and the multidimensional measures are also developed.Based on historical evidences from Latin America countries,the paper examines multidimensional poverty in developing countries as well as their applications of targeting mechanism in poverty reduction.The paper also adds some suggestions on the current implementation of accurate poverty alleviation policies in China.