美国对公海渔业资源开发的政策

The U.S. Policy on Developing the High-Sea Fishery Resources

开发公海渔业资源是一个既历史悠久又现实的问题。美国很早就开始与世界各国进行相关外交交涉。第二次世界大战后,美国带头开启了扩大沿海国渔业管辖权的过程,但同时又担心自身的安全利益因此而受损。如何确立公海的范围和国家的渔业管辖权,成为一个经历多年的外交课题。美国通过三次参与联合国海洋法会议的谈判,与世界各国一道达成了《联合国海洋法公约》,对渔业管辖权进行了一个总体的安排。但当今公海渔业资源的开发和养护仍存在不少法律空白和争议。美国还在国际场合进一步推动限制开发公海渔业资源,这将对未来公海渔业资源开发的形势产生重大影响。

Developing high-sea fishery resources is an issue of long standing and current importance.The U.S.has a long history of dealing with various countries on this issue.After the Second World War,the U.S.took the lead to enlarge the fishery jurisdiction of the coastal countries but worried that its security interest might be damaged.How to define the scope of the high seas and national fishery jurisdiction has been a diplomatic topic for many years.The U.S.participated in the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)three times and reached the UNCLOS with other counties,which set up a general arrangement for fishery jurisdiction.However,there are still some legal gaps and disputes on developing and conserving high-sea fishery resources.The U.S.is still pushing forward on international efforts to limit high-sea fishery resources development,which will have a big impact on this issue.