试论后九一一时代美国国家安全战略的调整--基于对特朗普政府《美国国家安全战略》报告的分析

On the Adjustment of the U.S. National Security Strategy in the Post-9/11 Era: Based on an Analysis of the Trump Administration's National Security Strategy

自2001年九一一事件至今,美国政府共发布了五份国家安全战略报告,这在一定程度上反映了美国国家安全战略的调整动向。2017年12月18日,特朗普政府首份《美国国家安全战略》出台,阐述了特朗普政府对美国国家安全环境的判断,提出了美国国家安全的四大支柱和六大地区战略。相比小布什和奥巴马政府,特朗普政府的《美国国家安全战略》在整体理念、地区战略、对华定位,以及新兴战略领域重视程度等方面都有了重大转变。整体理念变为"美国优先"和强调"大国战略竞争",地区战略尤其注重"印太地区"战略,对华定位转为"战略竞争对手",在新兴战略领域更加重视网络、太空和人工智能的发展。特朗普政府国家安全战略的调整在经济、政治、军事和文化领域都将对中国带来一定挑战。

Since the 9/11attacks,the U.S.government has issued five national security strategy(NSS)reports successively,which to some extent reflec-ted the adjustment of the U.S.national security strategy as time went by.On December 18,2017,a new version of the U.S.’s NSS was released,reflecting the Trump administration’s judgment on America’s recent national security environment.This report proposes four pillars of America’s national security as well as six regional strategies.Compared with those of the George W.Bush administration and Obama administration,the NSS issued by the Trump administration changes significantly in its overall principle,regional strategy,strategy towards China,and the degree of emphasis on e-merging strategic areas.Specifically,the overall principle shifts to an em-phasis of America First and great power competition.The regional strategy pays special attention to the Indo-Pacific region.As to the strategy towards China,this report regards China as a strategic competitor.In the emerging strategic field,this report places much more importance on cyber security,space security,and artificial intelligence.In general,the adjustment of the U.S.national security strategy by the Trump administration may bring great challenges to China in the political,economic,military,and cultural domains.