俄罗斯农村地区发展:挑战与应对

Rural Development in Russia:Challenges and Countermeasures

为推进农村地区稳定发展,俄罗斯推出一系列战略规划。相关战略规划实施产生了一定的效果,但抑制农村地区稳定发展的突出矛盾与问题并未根本解决。农村地区面临人口总量持续下降、人口结构堪忧、土地撂荒严重、土地制度亟待完善、人均收入增长缓慢、住房和公共服务水平与城市相距甚远、农业对农村发展支撑作用不强等诸多问题。为促进农村地区长期稳定发展,俄罗斯又推出《2030年前俄联邦农村地区稳定发展战略》,提出改善农村地区人口状况、为农村经济多元化发展创造条件、提高农村居民生活质量、改善农村居民对发展资源的获取权、合理利用自然资源、改善农村生态环境等战略优先方向。该战略注重"因地施策",探索农村经济多元化发展路径,强调农业进口替代与出口导向并举,倡导积极利用信息技术促发展。但战略若要见到成效,关键在于能否真正破解人口减少、资金投入不足、国家整体经济前景黯淡带来的负面影响等诸多难题。

In order to promote the stable development of rural areas,Russia has launched a series of strategic plans.The implementation of related strategic plans has produced certain effect,but the prominent contradictions and problems that inhibit the stable development of rural areas have not been fundamentally resolved.The rural areas are faced with many problems such as continuous decline in population,worrying demographic structure,severe land abandonment,imperfect land system,slow per capita income growth,poor housing and public service levels,and lack of support for rural development.In order to promote the long-term and stable development of rural areas,Russia has also launched the“Strategy for the Stable Development of the Rural Areas of the Russian Federation before 2030”,which proposes some strategic priorities such as improving the population conditions in rural areas,creating conditions for the diversified development of the rural economy,improving the life quality of rural residents,improving access of rural residents to development resources,using natural resources rationally,and improving rural ecological environment.The strategy attaches great importance to“adopting measures suiting local conditions”,explores the diversified development paths of the rural economy,emphasizes import substitution and export orientation simultaneously,and advocating the active use of information technology for development.Nevertheless,if the strategy should bear fruit,the key lies in whether it can truly solve the problems of population reduction,insufficient capital investment,and the negative impact of the country’s overall gloomy economic prospects.