一再被误解的海德格尔死亡概念

The Repeated Misunderstanding of Heidegger's Conception of Death

海德格尔的"死亡"是一个生存论和存在历史之思层面的概念,也是一个形式指引性的概念,但一再被误解为通常意义上的、具体生存层面的、现成的和虚无主义的概念。从生存论层面说,海德格尔的"死亡"实乃体现于每一个生存瞬间的"向死而在"和"先行到死";从存在历史之思的角度来说,死亡就是朝向源渊的隐没和回归。人的存在作为此在,既是朝向存在者的开展和涌现,同时也是朝向源渊的隐没和回归。在这种意义上,死亡不仅不是尘世生命的结束,反而是本真生存的一个必要维度。

Heidegger’s conception of death is existential and belongs to the thinking of the history of Being,and it is also a formal indicative one.But it is repeatedly misunderstood as the ordinary,existential,present-at-hand,and nihilistic conception.From the existential point of view,Heidegger’s“death”is the“Being toward death”and the“anticipation of death”embodied in every moment of existence;from the perspective of the thinking of the history of Being,the death is the downgoing into the abyss.The Being of man as Dasein is not only the emergence towards beings,but also the downgoing towards the abyss.In this sense,the death is not the end of the earthly life,but a necessary dimension of authentic existence.