军卫建置与明洪武朝的西北经略

The Establishment of Military Guarding Post and Administration of the Northwest in Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty

明朝在洪武五年冯胜西征之后并没有立即实现对甘肃的完全控制,而是采取从青海到甘肃、先易后难、渐次推进的方式,直到洪武二十六年以后才最终确立在整个河西走廊的统治。洪武朝西北经略举措包含了军卫置废、军政中心转移的复杂变动,遵循了防御体制从重将镇边向塞王守边转换的总体思路。在明蒙争夺西北的博弈中,武靖卫、高昌卫、岐山卫、西平卫、岐宁卫、凉州土卫等一系列废置番卫成为特定时期和条件下明朝拓展疆土的前沿。洪武朝后期,随着河西走廊卫所的全面设立,明朝完全掌控了整个甘肃地区,这改变了自唐代吐蕃控制陇右之后的民族分布状态,再度形成了陇右内地化的新格局。

In the 5th year of Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty,after Feng Sheng s conquest of the west,the government didn t gain full control of Gansu(甘肃).Instead,the government took a strategy of tackling the easy target first and advancing gradually from Qinghai to Gansu.In this way,it was not until the 26th year of Hongwu that the reign of the Gansu Corridor was established.Measures adopted by the administration of the Northwest in Hongwu period included the establishment and abolishment of military guarding posts,the complicated transfer of the military and administrative centers.These measures were taken in accordance with the change of principle concerning the charge of the border defense from the generals to Sai Wang(Princes garrisoning the borderland).In the contest of controlling the Northwest between the Ming dynasty and the Mongolian rulers,these abolished barbarian guarding posts like Wujingwei(武靖卫),Gaochangwei(高昌卫),Qishanwei(岐山卫),Xipingwei(西平卫),Qiningwei(岐宁卫)and Liangzhoutuwei(凉州土卫)became the frontier of territory expansion of the Ming dynasty.In the late years of Hongwu,with the establishment of military guarding posts along the Gansu Corridor,the Ming Dynasty gained the complete reign of Gansu.