地方官员政绩激励的制度分析

An Institutional Analysis of Local Officials' Achievement Motivation in China

"政绩出干部"揭示了政绩表现与官员晋升之间的密切关系,展现了地方官员在政绩激励下的行动逻辑。党管干部、分层考核和绩效晋升共同构成激励地方官员施政的制度要素,形成政绩激励的触动机制,决定地方官员升迁的基本规则。政绩评价指标体系本身可以区分为"正向和逆向""强与弱"两个维度,并且随着政治情境的变化中央进行适应性的调整。地方官员是被政绩激励制度塑造的理性行动者,他们在不同政治情境下,根据政绩评价指标结构的变化和激励强度的调整而选择施政的重心和方向,寻求政绩指标的最大化。

The view“political achievement facilitates promotion”reveals the close relationship between political achievement and officials mobility,and the action logic of local officials motivated by political achievement.Institutional factors of achievement motivation include“party s control over cadres”,hierarchical evaluation system and performance-based promotion;these factors form a triggering mechanism of achievement motivation,determining the ground rule of political mobility.The indicator system of political achievement is divided into two dimensions-forward-inverse and strong-weak,which can be adjustable in accordance with the political context.Local cadres are rational actors shaped by the achievement motivation system.In different political contexts,they rationally chose the focus and direction of administration according to the indicator structure of political achievement as well as the intensity of motivation,seeking the maximization of political achievement indicators.This findings provide explanations for not only the“GDP tournament”and collusion among local governments in maintaining stability but also the views on political achievement in terms of party building and the nonfeasance of officials.