公孙龙“正名”思想新探

On Gongsun Long's Thoughts of Naming

文章把公孙龙的"正名"思想置于先秦时代的思想文化背景下和当时的哲学语境中做出新的诠释。抓住其内在的逻辑关联,从"道器"关系把握"指",揭示了"指"与"名"是本源与派生物的关系;从"离"的道理把握"坚白"之辩,揭示出公孙龙对于"兼名"问题的进一步探讨和理论贡献;从事物的"特性"把握"实",揭示了"实"就是事物的特性,"正名"的关键问题就是正确把握事物的特性,使"名"与其所称谓的"实"严格对应;从"名实"对应关系把握"白马非马"论,揭示了公孙龙如何察实辨名,进行"正名"的。

This paper places Gongsun Long’s thoughts of naming under the circumstances of Pre-Qin Dynasty’s thoughts and culture and in the context of the then philosophy,offering new explanations.It is argued that we should grasp the inherent logical relations,associate objects with reference,and reveal the derivative relationship between reference and naming.To achieve the end we need to understand Gongsun Long’s theoretical contributions,and handle the association between reality and specificity.In fact,naming requires us to find the correspondence between name and reality so as to avoid the ancient confusion that white horses are not horses.