土温对设施葡萄萌芽的影响及需热量模型的适宜性分析

Effect of Soil Temperature on Budding of Facility Grape and Suitability of Heat Requirement Model

为研究2种设施内土温和气温对葡萄萌芽的影响,以红地球葡萄为试验材料,连续2 a设置不同土温梯度(2014年昼/夜土温20℃/15℃、25℃/15℃,2015年昼夜土温15℃/15℃、20℃/20℃、25℃/25℃、30℃/30℃),记录不同土温处理下葡萄的萌芽情况,计算土壤有效积温值、空气有效积温值及葡萄需热量值并将其与萌芽天数进行了线性拟合和相关性分析。结果表明:土温越高红地球葡萄的休眠结束期和萌芽期越短,其中25℃/15℃和30℃/30℃土温梯度效果最好,红地球葡萄在日光温室内萌芽天数较在塑料大棚内更短;土壤有效积温和空气有效积温与萌芽天数分别呈现极显著性负相关和正相关,且空气有效积温与萌芽天数的相关性更大;塑料大棚内适合的需热量模型为温度最大值模型、热量模型,日光温室内适合的需热量模型为平均温度累计模型、温度最大值累计模型、热量模型、最大积温模型、生长度时模型、有效积温模型。土温和气温均影响设施葡萄的萌芽,但气温的作用更大;需热量模型的适应性受到环境的限制。

To study the effects of soil temperature and air temperature of the solar greenhouse and plastic greenhouse on the budding of Red Globe.For two consecutive years,different soil temperature gradients(the daytime/night soil temperature was 20℃/15℃,25℃/15℃in 2014,15℃/15℃,20℃/20℃,25℃/25℃,30℃/30℃in 2015)were set up,and the germination of grape was recorded.The effective accumulated temperature of soil and air and heat requirement of grape were calculated and analyzed with germination days using linear fitting analysis and correlation analysis.The results showed as follows:the rise of soil temperature can shorten the dormancy and the budding stage,and among the temperature gradients 25℃/15℃and 30℃/30℃worked best.The end of dormancy and the budding stage of red earth in solar greenhouse were shorter than that in plastic greenhouse.The soil effective accumulated temperature and the air effective accumulated temperature with budding days were showed significantly positive correlation and negative correlation,and there was a greater correlation between the air effective accumulated temperature and germination days.Two heat requirement model:the maximum temperature model and the heat model were suitable for the plastic greenhouse.Six heat requirement model:the average temperature accumulative model,the maximum temperature model,the heat model,the maximum accumulated temperature model,the growth hour degrees models and the effective accumulated temperature model were suitable for the solar greenhouse.Both soil temperature and air temperature affected the germination of grape,but the air temperature played a more important role.The adaptability of the heat requirement model was limited by the environment.