广东省野生与栽培何首乌资源调查

Investigation of Wild and Cultivated Resources of Fallopia multiflora in Guangdong

目的:研究广东省野生和栽培何首乌资源现状,为何首乌资源和生产的保护提供依据。方法:在文献研究的基础上,对广东省各地的野生和栽培何首乌资源进行走访和现地调查,分析何首乌资源的分布、蕴藏量和利用现状。结果:广东省野生何首乌资源主要分布在北部和西部地区,但无大面积分布,难以大量采集和利用。当前,栽培资源分布在肇庆市、茂名市、云浮市和韶关市。肇庆市何首乌栽培期为2~3年,块根可供药用,蕴藏量约1.7×10~6kg;茂名市、云浮市新兴县和罗定市的何首乌栽培期为1年,块根用于生产保健食品或洗发水,蕴藏量约3.5×10~6kg;韶关市和云浮市云城区、郁南县栽培的何首乌计划2~3年后采收,药材质量尚待检测。何首乌藤茎和叶未作利用。结论:广东省何首乌资源的保护和生产现状堪忧。政府、科研工作者、企业、种植户之间需加强合作,推进何首乌野生资源保护、良种繁育、药材生产全产业链标准化建设、新药研发、品牌推广等工作,促进广东省何首乌产业的健康发展。

Objective:The research is aimed to investigate the wild and cultivated resources of Fallopia multiflora(Thunb.)Harald in Guangdong,and lay a foundation for the protection of the germplasm resources and production of F.multiflora.Methods:The distributions,deposits and utilizations of F.multiflora in Guangdong were analyzed based on the literature studies,interview survey and field investigation on the wild and cultivated resources of F.multiflora in Guangdong province.Results:The wild resources of F.multiflora are mainly distributed in the north and west parts of Guangdong,and too few to be collected for utilization.The cultivated resources of F.multiflora are distributed in Zhaoqing,Maoming,Yunfu and Shaoguan.The root tubers of F.multiflora cultivated for 2~3 years in Zhaoqing,with 1.7×106 kg of deposits,are used as medicine,while those cultivated for one year in Maoming and southern Yunfu(Xinxing and Luoding),with 3.5×106 kg of deposits,are used as health food or shampoo ingredients.The root tubers of F.multiflora,cultivated in Shaoguan and northern Yunfu(Yuncheng ang Yunan)will be collected after 2~3 years of cultivation,and the quality needs to be detected.The stems and leaves of F.multiflora,which can be used as medicines,have been discarded as waste in Guangdong.Conclusion:It’s severely urgent to improve the protection and utilization situation of F.multiflora in Guangdong.The governments,scientists,companies and farmers should cooperate with each other in promoting the healthy development of F.multiflora industry by wild resources protection,variety breeding,standardization of the whole production chain of crude drugs,new drugs research and development,brand promotion of F.multiflora.