杭州市下城区50岁及以上人群眼病流行病学调查

Epidemiological Investigation of Eye Diseases among Adults Aged 50 Years or Older in the Communities of Hangzhou in China

目的:调查杭州市下城区50岁及以上人群眼部疾病的患病情况及盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率及病因。方法:横断面调查研究。于2015年4-8月期间采用整群随机抽样方法,从杭州市下城区8个街道共抽取50岁及以上人群2 953例,对其进行视力、屈光状态、眼压等检查,分析不同年龄、性别和受教育程度人群盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率及病因。各数据间的比较采用χ2检验和趋势χ2检验。结果:共2 363例接受并完成了检查,受检率为80%,人群中盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率为1.6%(38例),并随着年龄增长而上升(χ2=38.094,P<0.001);文化程度越低,盲的患病率越高(χ2=39.497,P<0.001)。导致盲和中、重度视力损伤的主要原因有眼底异常(30眼,39.5%)、白内障(26眼,34.2%)、青光眼(12眼,15.8%)等。人群中眼病患病率由高到低依次为未矫正的屈光不正(2 048例,86.7%)、白内障(1 065例,44.7%)、翼状胬肉(219例,9.3%)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(81例,3.5%)、青光眼(52例,2.2%)、斜视(46例,2.0%)、糖尿病视网膜病变(39例,1.7%)。结论:杭州市下城区50岁及以上人群常见的眼部疾病是未矫正的屈光不正、白内障。盲和中、重度视力损伤的患病率较低,其中眼底异常、白内障是导致盲和中、重度视力损伤的主要原因。

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of eye diseases and the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision among adults aged≥50 years in the communities of Hangzhou in China.Methods:This was a cross sectional investigation,clusters of randomly selected individuals of at least 50 years old from some larger communities in Hangzhou China were sampled,and 2 953 individuals were enrolled.The selected participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations that included visual acuity,autorefraction,intraocular pressure,slit-lamp assessment of the anterior surface,direct ophthalmoscopy of posterior segment,and fundus photography.The prevalence and causes of blindness and moderate-to-severe visual impairment were calculated for subjects at different ages,sexes,and educational levels.The data were analyzed by theχ2 test.Results:From the enrolled individuals,2 363(80%)were examined.In this population,the prevalence of blindness and moderate-to-severe visual impairment was 1.6%(38 cases),and it increased with age(χ2=38.094,P<0.001).We also found that the lower the level of education,the higher the incidence of blindness(χ2=39.497,P<0.001).Retinal diseases(30 eyes,39.5%),cataract(26 eyes,34.2%),and glaucoma(12 eyes,15.8%)were the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment.In addition,the prevalence of eye diseases in this population were uncorrected ametropia(2 048 cases,86.7%),cataract(1 065 cases,44.7%),pterygium(219 cases,9.3%),age-related macular degeneration(81 cases,3.5%),glaucoma(52 cases,2.2%),strabismus(46 cases,2.0%),and diabetic retinopathy(39 cases,1.7%).Conclusions:The prevalence of blindness and moderate-to-severe visual impairment were low.The most common reasons for vision impairment of older adults aged 50 years or older in the Hangzhou communities were uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts.The leading causes of blindness and visual impairment were abnormal fundus and cataract.