上海市原闸北区2010-2017年视力残疾分析

An Investigation on the Status of Blindness in the Previous Zhabei Area of Shanghai from 2010 to 2017

目的:调查上海市原闸北区视力残疾的分布特点,为精准化的视力残疾人群康复服务指导提供依据。方法:基于医院的观察研究。根据WHO标准,收集2010年8月至2017年3月在上海市静安区市北医院接受视力残疾评定的人群,残疾评定由经培训的眼科专科医师完成,以确定残疾的等级和主要致残原因。采用卡方检验进行数据分析。结果:本研究最终纳入1682例,导致盲和低视力的视力残疾的前5位疾病分别是:高度近视性视网膜病变36.38%(盲90例、低视力522例),黄斑病变13.56%(盲38例、低视力190例),视网膜脱离9.39%(盲38例、低视力120例),青光眼9.27%(盲42例、低视力114例),视神经病变5.95%(盲12例、低视力88例)。同一视力残疾等级不同居住街道人群的构成比存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:导致上海市原闸北区视力残疾的首位致残病因是高度近视性视网膜病变,而在辖区内的不同街道视力残疾的分布状况存在显著差异。

Objective:To investigate the causes and epidemiological characteristics of blindness and low vision in the previous Zhabei area of Shanghai and to provide information for precise health care for the vision disabled.Methods:This was a hospital-based abservational study.Patients were prospectively recruited from August 2010 to March 2017 in the Shibei Hospital in the Jinan area.All patients had undergone full ophthalmic evaluations performed by trained ophthalmologists and blindness level was defined by WHO's criteria.Data were analyzed usingχ2 test.Results:A total of 1 682 patients were recruited for this study.The top 5 leading causes of blindness were high myopic retinopathy(36.38%with 90 cases of blindness and 522 cases of low vision),macular degeneration(13.56%with 38 cases of blindness and 190 cases of low vision),retinal detachment(9.39%with 38 cases of blindness and 120 cases of low vision),glaucoma(9.27%with 42 cases of blindness and 114 cases of low vision),optic nerve diseases(5.95%with 12 cases of blindness and 88 cases of low vision).There were significant differences in ratio of visual disability among the different neighborhood areas(P<0.05).Conclusions:The leading cause of blindness was high myopic retinopathy and there was a significant difference in ratio of visual disability among different neighborhoods in the Zhabei area.