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苏联专家与“学中长”运动研究

Research on Soviet Experts and "Learning China Changchun Railway" Movement
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摘要 1950年代学习苏联先进经验的运动,是从中国铁路系统开始的。学习苏联管理中国长春铁路的经验,简称"学中长"运动。在这个运动中,苏联专家帮助中方建立了一套完备的铁路管理体制,培养了大批铁路干部职工和专业人才,为实现中国铁路现代化打下了基础。同时,苏联专家还重视职工的工资福利和文化生活,体现了人本思想。"学中长"不是单纯的经济活动,而是与政治密切联系的。1956年以后,随着中苏关系的恶化,苏联专家也处于一种尴尬的地位,"学中长"运动很快转变为批判教条主义运动。 The movement of studying Soviet Union in the 1950s began with the railway system.Learning from the Soviet Union's experience in managing China's Changchun Railway is known as the"learning CCR"movement.In this movement,experts from Soviet Union help China to establish a set of complete railway management system,cultivate a large number of railway staff and professional talents,lay the foundation to realize the modernization of the Chinese railway.At the same time,Soviet experts also pay attention to the salary,welfare and cultural life of workers,reflecting the people-oriented idea."Learning CCR"movement is not just an economic activity,but is closely related to politics.After 1956,as the relations between China and the Soviet Union deteriorated,Soviet experts are also in an awkward position."learning CCR"movement quickly turned into a movement of criticizing dogmatism.
作者 问昕 卢超 WEN Xin;LU Chao(School of Politics&History,Bohai University,Jinzhou,Liaoning 121013,China)
出处 《石家庄学院学报》 2018年第4期60-66,共7页 Journal of Shijiazhuang University
基金 辽宁省社科基金项目"中东铁路的修筑与东北亚政治格局的演变"(L17BZS004)
关键词 苏联专家 中国长春铁路 “一边倒”外交政策 Soviet experts China Changchun Railway one-sided foreign policy
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