基于供需平衡的城市中心区停车费率研究

Study on the Parking Rate in Urban Central Areas Based on Supply and Demand Balance

为进一步发挥停车收费管理的经济杠杆作用,提高停车泊位利用率及周转率,依据停车供需平衡理论,提出以停车周转率和供需平衡周转率相等关系确定停车费率的方法。选取典型停车场为研究对象,结合停车行为(RP)及意向(SP)调查,建立停车时长选择行为多项Logit模型,标定停车费率与停车时长间关系,借助交通时空消耗理念,确定停车时长与周转率间关系。依据停车需求量预测及供给规划,得出需求不确定性水平下供需平衡时停车周转率。对黄石市中心区停车进行实证分析,表明该区域停车费率及周转率较低,将停车费率提高一倍后,平均周转率提高至1.95,停车周转率和供需平衡周转率近似相等,可为决策者制定合理停车费率及缓解停车难问题提供指导依据。

To make parking rate management play a bigger role in economic leverage,increase parking berth use rate and parking berth turnover rate.Putting forward the methods to determine the parking rate by the equal relation between parking berth turnover rate and supply and demand turnover rate according to the theory of parking supply and demand balance.Study objects in typical parking lots,combining parking Revealed Preference(RP)and Stated preference(SP),building multinomial logit models of parking duration option,determining the relationship between the parking rate and the parking duration.The relationship between the parking duration and turnover rate is obtained by concept of transportation and time consumption.According to the demand forecasting and supply planning,the parking turnover rate of the supply and demand balance at the level of demand uncertainty is obtained.Analysis of parking in central area of Huangshi,showing that the parking rate and turnover rate of this area are low.After doubling the parking rate,the average turnover rate increased to 1.95.The supply and demand equilibrium turnover rate is approximately equal with the turnover rate,providing guidance for decision makers to make reasonable parking rate and alleviate parking problems.