基于生态服务价值的武陵山区生态系统敏感性评价——以松桃县为例

Evaluation of Ecosystem Sensitivity of Wuling Mountain Area Based on Ecological Service Value——Taking Songtao County as an example

为分析土地利用演变对区域生态系统服务价值的影响过程,探究了生态系统敏感性的主要影响因子。从生态系统敏感性评价的角度,以贵州省松桃县2010~2015年土地利用变化特征为例,融合遥感影像解译和空间分析技术,计算出县域各乡镇生态系统服务价值,并采用生态敏感性指数评价了松桃县生态系统敏感性空间特征。研究结果表明:(1)2010~2015年由于建设用地增加,林地、耕地面积下降,导致松桃县生态系统服务价值整体呈下降趋势,其价值量由2010年的5022.01×10~4元下降至2015年的5000.08×10~4元,下降幅度达38.43×10~4元。(2)县域生态价值量集中于森林覆盖广的寨英镇、乌罗镇、盘信镇3个乡镇,三者价值量分别为4.12×104元、3.83×10~4元、3.06×104元,占全县价值量的21.97%。(3)植被覆盖率越高,生态服务价值密度越大,则生态服务价值的敏感性就越低。且林地面积对整个生态系统服务价值量起决定性作用(相关系数为0.99)。因此,及与生态服务价值的生态敏感性评价即可实现定量化的敏感性评价过程,也为区域绿色GDP核算提供参考依据。

In order to analyze the impact process of land use evolution on regional ecosystem services,the main influencing factors of ecosystem sensitivity were explored.From the perspective of ecosystem sensitivity assessment,using the characteristics of land use change in Songtao County of Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2015 as an example,this paperintegrates remote sensing image interpretation and spatial analysis techniques to calculate the service value of each township’s ecosystem in the county and adopts ecological Sensitivity Index to evaluate the Spatial Characteristics of Ecosystem Sensitivity in Songtao County.The research shows that:(1)due to the increase in land for construction use during 2010-2015,the area of forest land and cultivated land decreased,resulting in an overall downward trend in ecosystem service value in Songtao County.Its value decreased from 5022.01×104yuan in 2010 to 5000.08×104 yuan in 2015.with a decrease of 38.43×104yuan.(2)The county’s ecological value is concentrated in 3 townships,namely Zhaiying Township,Wuluo Town and Panxin Town where the forest is widely covered.The value of the three values are 4.12 X 104 yuan,3.83 X 104 yuan and 3.06 X 104 yuan respectively,accounting for the whole county.21.97%of the arnount of value.(3)The higher the vegetation coverage is,the greater the ecological service value density.The sensitivity of the ecosystern service value is lower.And the forest area plays a decisive role in the value of the entire ecosystern service Cthe correlation coefficient is 0.99).Therefore,the ecological sensitivity assessment provides important data support for regional green GDP accounting and ecological environmental manage-ment.