孟加拉国能源可持续发展问题探析

Sustainable Energy Development in Bangladesh

孟加拉国能源资源相对贫乏,在国际贸易中处于能源净输入国地位。传统化石能源资源呈现"富气少煤缺油"的特点;可再生能源资源相对丰富,以生物质能和太阳能为主;天然气及电力生产是其能源工业的核心。但长期以来,国内天然气短缺和电力供应不足、国际能源合作有限成为制约孟加拉国经济发展的能源瓶颈。孟加拉国的能源安全、能源公平以及环境可持续都存在着问题,面临严峻形势。未来,孟加拉国必须调整天然气投资及价格政策,扩大能源供应,大力发展煤电和可再生能源,改善能源结构,依靠技术进步提高能源效率,抓住"一带一路"战略机遇,加强国际能源合作,才能实现能源可持续发展。

Bangladesh suffers from a shortage of energy resources,and on the international market is a net energy importer.In terms of fossil energy resources,Bangladesh has plentiful gas deposits,but lacks coal and oil.As for renewable energy,both bio-energy and solar power are relatively plentiful.Overall,Bangladesh relies on natural gas and electricity for the majority of its energy production.For years,a domestic shortfall in natural gas,a lack of electricity,and limited international energy cooperation have constrained the development of the Bangladeshi economy,and energy security,energy equity and environmental sustainability have all emerged as serious concerns.In the future,Bangladesh needs to adjust its natural gas investment and pricing policies,expand energy supply,and rapidly develop coal-fired power and renewable energy as a means of improving its energy structure.At the same time,it should leverage technological improvements to increase energy efficiency,and the opportunity presented by the Belt and Road Initiative to enhance international energy cooperation.Only in this way can the country realize sustainable energy development.