菌渣基质栽培对日光温室番茄品质和产量的影响

Effects of mushroom dregs substrate cultivation on yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouse

为了有效地实现菌渣的循环利用,本试验以金针菇菌渣为主要原料,研究菌渣基质对设施栽培番茄的品质、产量及经济效益等的影响。结果表明,菌渣基质番茄栽培可以显著改善其果实的品质,早春茬番茄果实维生素C含量较对照的土壤栽培增加10.26%,秋冬茬增加16.54%,各处理间差异显著。菌渣基质栽培番茄的果实(鲜重)茄红素含量最高为165.48 mg/kg,较对照的土壤栽培提高11.04%。菌渣基质栽培早春茬番茄果实的糖酸比为8.59、秋冬茬为8.52,口感较土壤栽培更佳。此外,早春茬、秋冬茬菌渣基质栽培番茄产量分别为166 304.25 kg/hm^2、150 935.25 kg/hm^2,均显著高于对照。早春茬、秋冬茬菌渣基质栽培番茄效益较对照分别提高了182 253.90元/hm^2、151 074.75元/hm^2。本研究表明,在番茄基质栽培中菌渣的利用具有可行性,为菌渣的高效利用和番茄的优质高产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。

In order to effectively realize cyclic utilization of mushroom dregs,golden mushroom dregs were taken as main material to study the effects of mushroom dregs substrate on quality,yield and economic benefit of protected tomato.The results showed that the fruit quality of tomato could be significantly improved by mushroom dregs cultivation,with the Vc contents of tomato in Early Spring-cultivation and Autumn-winter season cultivation increased by 10.26%and 16.54%than that of controls in soil cultivation,respectively.The highest content(FW)of lycopene was 165.48 mg/kg in mushroom dregs cultivation,which was 11.04%higher than that of soil cultivation.Sugar to acid ratio of mushroom dregs cultivation tomato were 8.59 and 8.52,respectively,which tasted better than that of soil cultivation.In addition,the yields of mushroom dregs cultivation tomato in Early Spring-cultivation and Autumn-winter season cultivation were 166 304.25 kg/hm2 and 150 935.25 kg/hm2,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in soil cultivation.The economic benefit of tomato in Early Spring-cultivation and Autumn-winter season cultivation were significantly increased by￥182 253.90/hm2 and￥151 074.75/hm2,than that of soil cultivation,respectively.This research demonstrates the reliability of mushroom dregs utilization in tomato substrate cultivation and offers some theoretical bases for efficient utilization of mushroom dregs and good quality and high yield of tomato cultivation.