典型岩溶区水土流失动态监测研究

Dynamic monitoring of soil erosion in typical Karst areas

选取典型岩溶区贵州省安顺市为研究对象,依据《岩溶地区水土流失综合治理技术标准》和《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》中的水土流失等级,综合运用"3S"技术提取出土地利用类型、植被覆盖度和坡度等专题因子,生成研究区2010年和2015年水土流失分布图,分析2010-2015年间水土流失变化特征。结果表明:安顺市水土流失主要以微度侵蚀为主,2015年水土流失面积为2352.02km^2,南部和西北部水土流失等级较高,2010-2015年水土流失面积减少了370.05km^2,水土流失面积比例从2010年的29.7%下降到2015年的25.6%,中度以上侵蚀类型面积下降,强烈侵蚀和极强烈侵蚀大面积减少,安顺市水土流失形势明显好转。

This paper selects the typical Karst area of Anshun city,Guizhou province was selected as the research object.According to the criteria of the Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion and Techniques standard for comprehensive control of soil erosion and water loss in Karst area,and the“3S”technology was comprehensively used to extract thematic factors such as land use type,vegetation coverage and slope,maps of soil erosion in the study area in 2010 and 2015 was generated,analyzing the characteristics of soil erosion changes during 2010-2015.The results show that the soil erosion in Anshun city is mainly dominated by micro erosion.In 2015,the area of soil and water loss was 2352.02 km 2,soil erosion in Anshun city is higher in the south and northwest,the area of soil erosion has decreased by 370.05km2 from 2010 to 2015,the proportion of soil and water loss area has dropped from 29.7%in 2010 to 25.6%in 2015.The area of moderate soil erosion and above grade has decreased,and strong erosion and extremely strong erosion have reduced greatly.It shows that the obvious form of water and soil loss in Anshun has improved.