个人信息权保护的法律界限研究--基于欧洲人权法院50个判例的分析

The Research of the Legal Boundary of Personal Data Right Protection:Based on the Analysis of 50 Human Rights Cases of European Court

个人信息权是一种新兴权利,与日益扩张的国家监控权针锋相对。《欧洲人权公约》第八条从个人和家庭隐私的角度,对个人信息权作出了规定。欧洲人权法院的50个相关判例涵盖英国、法国、德国、瑞士、俄罗斯等不同法系的国家,涉及健康隐私、私密声音、私人通信等个人信息,缔约国败诉率高达三分之二,明确表明保护个人信息的法律限度:对个人信息的收集、储存、使用、披露、查询、删除等监控和干预必须依法、善意、必要进行,以充分保障人权。我国应当以"保护为原则,干涉为例外",立法保护个人信息权,夯实合法性基础;合理善用国家监控权,找准合目的方向;最低程度平衡权益冲突,把握合比例性原则,进一步完善个人信息的法律保护。

The right of personal data is an emerging right,which is coming against the daily expanding national surveillance power.The Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights regulates the personal data rights from the perspective of personal and family privacy.The 50 cases ruled by the European Court of Human Rights involve the UK,France,Germany,Switzerland,Russia and many other countries of different legal systems,concern about the health information,personal voice and private communication.The rate of the countries losing lawsuits reaches nearly two thirds,which demonstrates that the collection,reservation,usage,publish,search and deletion of personal data by the government must be confined within the law-abiding principles,goodwill and necessity,so that the human rights can be effectively protected.China should adopt“protection as a principle and intervention as an exception”to legislate to protect the right of personal information and to strengthen the basis for legitimacy;to make reasonable use of state monitoring power and to find a suitable direction;to minimize the balance of rights and interests,and to grasp the principle of proportionality,and further improve the legal protection of personal information.