从团队生产到个体经营:改革开放时期农垦农业的生产体制转型

From Team Production to Individual Operation:The Transformation of Agricultural Production System in the State Farms since the Reform and Opening

发展职工家庭农场使国有农场在农业生产方式上实现了从团队生产到个体经营的转变,顺应了农业的固有特性对农业生产组织方式的要求。这项改革使国有农场的职工和经营者在相当程度上掌握了农场生产的自主权,并成为农场生产的剩余索取者,从而显著化解了国有农场成员中长期存在的生产积极性不足、工作责任心淡漠等问题。本文分析了这项改革的背景、过程、特点及其不足,讨论了目前农垦农业生产体制中的主要问题。

The promotion of worker family farm as dominate and basic unit in the agricultural production of the state farms transformed the agricultural production mode of state farms from team production into individual operation,so thatconformed to the natural requirement of agriculture.This institutional transition has resolved the passiveness and nonchalance among workers and managers of state farms in their jobs because it has made the workers and managers autonomous in production and operation,as vesting them with residual claim.This report analyzes the background,processes,characteristics and deficiencies of this reform,and then gives a glance at the main problems of current system of agricultural production in the state farms.