航天育种及在高粱上的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Aerospace Breeding and Its Application on Sorghum

在高粱育种中,采用人工杂交育种技术,潜力较小,急需新的技术。航天育种是随着航天技术的发展而产生的一种新的诱变育种方法,也是一种利用航天技术与现代育种技术相结合的新型育种技术。综述了航天育种的原理、特点,与常规育种相比,航天育种新技术具有以下主要特点:提高变异频率与变异幅度,育种周期短,改善农作物的品质与产量,获得有益的突变,无转基因安全性问题;并阐述了航天育种在高粱育种中的应用情况。

Sorghum is one of the important rain-fed crops in the north China and is also the important raw materials for brewing industry in China.It plays an important role in Chinese national economic development.At present,artificial cross breeding technology is used in the breeding of sorghum,the potential is small,and new technologies are urgently needed.Space mutation breeding technique is a new breeding technique,which incorporates spaceflight technique with modern biotechnology.In this paper,the principles,characteristics of space mutation breeding are summarized.It is stressed that the main characteristics of the space mutation breeding technology compared with traditional breeding are as follows:shorting breeding cycle,increasing the frequency of variation and the magnitude of variation,improving the quality and yield of crops,obtaining gain beneficial mutations,not existing genetic safety issues.Its applications in sorghum breeding are summarized.