既做美国人又做黑人——杜波依斯民族主义和融合主义思想探析

To Be Both American and Black: A Probe into Du Bois' Nationalism and Integrationism

作为美国黑人领袖,杜波依斯在不同历史时期提出了不同的政治思想和斗争策略,其中最具代表性的是黑人融入主义和黑人民族主义。本文就这两种思想和两种策略的基本内容及其背后逻辑进行了探讨,指出,从本质上讲,杜波依斯希望并要求黑人融入美国主流社会。但是,当这些希望和诉求遭到白人社会拒绝和反对后,杜波依斯便转向黑人民族主义。终其一生,这两种观点交替出现在杜波依斯的政治思想和斗争策略上。

As an African American leader,Du Bois put forward different political ideas and different strategies at different times,among which nationalism and integrationism stood out most prominently.The present paper discusses these two political ideologies and strategies through examining their main contents and analyzing the underlying logic.It argues that fundamentally speaking,Du Bois was an integrationist,encouraging black people to integrate into the American society.He shifted to nationalism only when opposition and rejection from the white society broke his hope and dream.Throughout his life,integrationism and nationalism alternated in his political thought and political strategies.