广西弄岗熊猴的雨季活动时间分配

Activity Time Budget of Assamese macaque(Macaca assamensis)during Rainy Season in Nonggang Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China

2012年7—9月采用瞬时扫描法对广西弄岗国家级自然保护区石山森林中的1群熊猴Macaca assamensis进行观察,收集猴群的行为数据以探讨影响其活动时间分配的相关因素。结果表明:熊猴(n=14)的活动行为类型以休息为主,占活动时间分配的40.9%±21.6%;其次为觅食行为,占29.9%±19.4%;再次为移动行为,占19.8%±5.0%;最后是理毛、玩耍以及其他行为,分别为7.1%±5.8%、1.4%±2.5%和1.1%±1.3%。猴群的休息时间与其采食嫩叶和芸香竹Bonia saxatilis的时间比例呈正相关,与觅食果实的比例和食物种类多样性呈负相关;觅食时间与觅食嫩叶和芸香竹的比例呈负相关,与觅食果实比例和食物种类多样性呈正相关关系。逐步回归结果显示嫩叶在食物中的比例是影响熊猴休息时间分配的主要因素,果实的觅食比例是影响猴群觅食时间分配的主要因素。广西石山森林中熊猴的活动时间分配主要受食物因素的影响,与猴群的主要食物种类芸香竹的数量和分布有关。

From July to September 2012,one group of Assamese macaque(Macaca assamensis)was observed using instantaneous scan sampling in the limestone forest of the Nonggang Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China,and collected their behavior data to explore the influence of the ecological factors on their time budgets.The results showed that resting accounted for the most of their activity budget(40.9%±21.6%),followed by foraging(29.9%±19.4%),moving(19.8%±5.0%),grooming(7.1%±5.8%),playing(1.4%±2.5%),and other activity(1.1%±1.3%),respectively.Further analysis revealed that the resting time of the Assamese macaque was positively correlated with the proportion of the total immature leaves and the young bamboo leaves in their diet,and was negatively correlated with the food diversity and the proportion of the fruits in the diet.Foraging time declined when the proportion of the total immature leaves and the young bamboo leaves in the diet increased,and was positively correlated with food diversity and the proportion of the fruits in the diet.Moreover,stepwise regression analysis results indicated that the proportion of immature leaves in the diet was the predominated factor affecting the resting time of the macaque,and the proportion of fruit in the diet could be the best indicator for their foraging time.In summary,diet is the key factor influencing the Assamese macaques in the limestone forest of Guangxi,and the time activity of the macaques could be linked to the abundance and distribution pattern of the predominated food species,Bonia saxatilis,a karst-endemic bamboo.