富硒和锗酵母培养物对延边黄牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸含量的影响

Effects of Yeast Culture with Selenium and Germanium on Growth Performance,Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Contents in Muscle of Yanbian Yellow Cattle

本试验旨在探究富硒和锗酵母培养物对延边黄牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸含量的影响。选取生长发育良好的30月龄的延边黄牛公牛20头,体重为(351±20)kg,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%富硒和锗酵母培养物的试验饲粮,每组5头。试验期90 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)试验组的平均日增重均有提高,但变化不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的饲料转化率分别提高了18.93%(P<0.05)和22.85%(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肌肉中亚油酸含量分别提高了9.21%(P<0.05)、11.26%(P<0.05)和17.06%(P<0.01);各组间肌肉中其他脂肪酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组肌肉中赖氨酸含量提高了3.81%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肌肉中丙氨酸含量分别提高了7.81%(P<0.05)和7.56%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组肌肉中谷氨酸含量提高了4.98%(P<0.05);各组间肌肉中其他氨基酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合可知,饲粮中添加富硒和锗酵母培养物可以提高延边黄牛饲料转化率,提高肌肉中亚油酸含量,降低饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸,提高肌肉中风味氨基酸(赖氨酸、丙氨酸和谷氨酸)的含量,改善牛肉的风味,建议在延边黄牛饲粮中添加0.2%富硒和锗酵母培养物。

This study was to evaluate the effects of effects of yeast culture with selenium and germanium on growth performance,fatty acid and amino acid contents in muscle of Yanbian yellow cattle.Twelve 30-month-old Yanbian yellow cattle weighted(351±20)kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 heads per group.Cattle in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in trial groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1%,0.2%and 0.3%yeast culture with selenium and germanium,respectively.The trial period lasted for 90 d.The results showed that compared with control group:1)average daily gain of trial groups was increased,but there were no significant difference among groups(P>0.05);feed conversion ratio of trial groupsⅠandⅡwas increased by 18.93%and 22.85%(P<0.05),respectively.2)Linoleic acid content in muscle of trial groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwas increased by 9.21%(P<0.05),11.26%(P<0.05)and 17.06%(P<0.01),respectively;there were no significant differences of contents of other fatty acids among groups(P>0.05).3)Lysine content in muscle of trial groupⅢwas increased by 3.81%(P<0.05);alanine content in muscle of trial groupsⅡandⅢwas increased by 7.81%(P<0.05)and 7.56%(P<0.05),respectively;glutamic acid content in muscle of trial groupⅡwas increased by 4.98%(P<0.05);there were no significant differences of contents of other amino acids among groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of yeast culture with selenium and germanium can increase feed conversion ratio,increase linoleic acid content and decrease satisfied fatty acid/unsatisfied fatty acid in muscle,increase flavor amino acid(lysine,alanine and glutamic acid)contents,and improve beef flavor of Yanbian yellow cattle;the suggested supplemental level of yeast culture with selenium and germanium in diet for Yanbian yellow cattle is 0.2%.